top of page

A positive reinforcement trainer is a dog trainer who uses rewards to encourage and strengthen desired behaviors in dogs. Rather than punishing undesirable behaviors, a positive reinforcement trainer focuses on reinforcing good behavior by providing rewards such as treats, praise, toys, or play when the dog behaves in the way the trainer wants. The idea is to create a positive, motivating environment for the dog, where good behavior is consistently rewarded, making it more likely to be repeated.

​

Key Principles of Positive Reinforcement Training:

​

  1. Rewards for Good Behavior. Positive reinforcement involves providing something the dog enjoys (food, toys, affection) immediately after they perform a desired behavior, such as sitting, staying, or walking nicely on a leash.

  2. Consistency. To be effective, rewards must be given consistently, right after the desired behavior, so the dog can connect the reward with the action.

  3. Building Trust. Positive reinforcement fosters trust and strengthens the bond between the trainer (or dog owner) and the dog because the dog is learning in a stress-free, enjoyable environment.

  4. No Punishment. A positive reinforcement trainer does not use physical punishment, yelling, or corrections. Instead, they focus on guiding the dog toward making the right choices by encouraging those behaviors.

  5. Focus on Motivation. Trainers use a variety of rewards based on what motivates the individual dog, whether that's high-value treats, toys, or affection. Some dogs are more motivated by food, while others may prefer play.

  6. Clear Communication. Positive reinforcement trainers teach dogs to understand cues and commands clearly, so the dog knows exactly what is expected and how to earn rewards.

  7. Gradual Progression. Training usually starts with easy tasks and gradually moves to more complex ones. Positive reinforcement helps dogs feel confident and successful at each stage of learning.

​

Benefits of Positive Reinforcement:

​

  • Reduces fear and anxiety. Since the training focuses on rewards, dogs feel less stressed and fearful compared to methods involving punishment or corrections.

  • Encourages strong learning. Dogs enjoy learning new things when they are rewarded, making the training process fun and motivating.

  • Better long-term results. Positive reinforcement helps build reliable, lasting behaviors because the dog is motivated by the reward and not just avoiding punishment.

  • Improves relationship. Dogs trained with positive reinforcement often form stronger, more trusting relationships with their owners, as the training is based on kindness, patience, and respect.

​

Overall, positive reinforcement is considered the most humane, effective, and science-backed methods for training dogs.

What Is a Balanced Trainer? Why use Certified R+ Trainers?

(Understanding Dog Trainer Certifications in the United States. Beware of Sales Tactics and Guarantees.)

​​

The debate between positive reinforcement trainers and balanced trainers often centers around the methods used to modify dog behavior, and each has its proponents. However, most educated and experienced canine professionals argue that positive reinforcement is a better and more effective approach for several reasons. Here's a breakdown of why positive reinforcement trainers are often considered superior to balanced trainers:

​

1. Humane and Stress-Free Approach

  • Positive reinforcement trainers focus on rewarding good behavior, which is inherently gentler and more humane. This method creates a low-stress environment, allowing the dog to learn in a way that encourages a strong bond with the trainer or owner.

  • Balanced training, on the other hand, often involves the use of aversive techniques (e.g., choke collars, prong collars, shock collars) to correct undesirable behaviors. These methods can cause pain, fear, or confusion in the dog, potentially damaging the trust and relationship between the dog and owner. While punishment-based methods can have short-term effects on behavior, they are often counterproductive in the long run and can damage the relationship between owner and dog.  

​

2. Builds Trust and Confidence

  • Dogs trained with positive reinforcement learn to trust their handlers because they are rewarded for good behavior rather than fearing punishment for mistakes. This helps to build a stronger, more positive relationship between the dog and owner.

  • In contrast, a balanced training approach, which may incorporate punishment, can undermine the dog’s confidence and trust. A dog may begin to fear the owner or trainer or associate certain situations with discomfort or anxiety.

​

3. Fosters Motivation and Engagement

  • Positive reinforcement taps into the dog’s natural desire for rewards, whether that’s food, praise, or play. This creates enthusiastic learners and dogs that are motivated to behave well. The dog works for the reward, not out of fear or avoidance.

  • While balanced trainers may use rewards in conjunction with corrections, relying on punitive methods (punishment) can diminish a dog’s willingness to engage with their handler, especially if the dog is afraid of making a mistake. Dogs should not feel fear when interacting with people.

​

4. Focuses on Teaching, Not Just Correcting

  • Positive reinforcement trainers focus on teaching desired behaviors rather than just correcting unwanted ones. This means the dog learns what to do, rather than simply what not to do. This proactive approach leads to more reliable, long-term behaviors.

  • Balanced training may involve a lot of reacting to unwanted behaviors (such as leash pulling, jumping or barking) with corrections such as leash pops or jerking of the leash, shocking with an electronic collar, spray bottles, loud uncomfortable noises, but doesn’t focus on shaping alternative, desirable behaviors. The dog may learn to avoid specific behaviors through fear of punishment, but it doesn’t always teach them how to behave in a more positive way nor does it entirely stop the behavior.

​

5. Increases Learning Speed

  • Positive reinforcement is a method backed by scientific research that has shown it accelerates the learning process because dogs want to participate. Dogs are more likely to repeat behaviors that result in positive outcomes. This results in faster and more effective learning.

  • With balanced training, the dog may initially learn to avoid certain behaviors, and people, but these methods can lead to slower progress in general because the dog may not understand exactly what is expected of them or may be confused about or scared when they will be corrected.

​

6. Reduces Risk of Aggression and Fear-Based Behavior

  • Positive reinforcement creates a safe and positive association with training, which can reduce the risk of fear-based aggression or defensive behaviors. A dog trained with kindness is less likely to lash out in fear or aggression.

  • In contrast, aversive methods used by balanced trainers, such as corrections with prong collars or shock collars, can escalate fear and anxiety, potentially leading to more aggressive behavior, especially if the dog associates certain actions or people with pain or discomfort.

​

7. Better for Dogs with Anxiety or Sensitivity

  • Dogs with anxiety, fear, or sensitivity tend to respond better to positive reinforcement training, as they are not subjected to aversive stimuli that could worsen their anxiety. The focus on rewards and a calm, non-confrontational approach is often the best choice for these dogs.

  • A balanced approach, which involves corrections, can be particularly difficult for anxious dogs to handle, leading to even greater emotional distress.

​

8. Improved Owner-Dog Relationship

  • Positive reinforcement training leads to a positive relationship between the owner and the dog because the dog learns that good behavior leads to rewards and attention, making the dog more eager to please and spend time with the owner.

  • In contrast, balanced training may cause a fractured relationship if the dog begins to fear its owner due to punishment. While the dog may still respond to corrections, the bond may be weakened and skills less reliable, and the dog might not seek affection or attention from the owner unless they are taught and rewarded for it.

​

9. Versatility and Application

  • Positive reinforcement works for all kinds of behaviors—whether it's basic obedience, tricks, or addressing complex behavioral issues like reactivity. It is versatile and can be adapted to different dogs, regardless of age, breed, or temperament.

  • Balanced training may have a narrower focus on behavior suppression (e.g., stopping barking, pulling on the leash, etc.), without always promoting positive behaviors or well-rounded development in the dog.

​

10. Ethical Considerations

  • Positive reinforcement is widely considered ethically sound because it focuses on rewarding good behavior without causing harm or distress to the animal.

  • Many critics argue that balanced training, especially when it involves physical corrections or pain-based methods, is ethically questionable, as it can cause unnecessary suffering to the dog.

​

Summary:

While balanced training can be effective for certain specific scenarios with certain specific dogs (very few), positive reinforcement is widely seen as a kinder, more effective, and ethical approach. It prioritizes building a positive relationship between the dog and owner, promoting learning through rewards rather than punishment. For long-term success, positive reinforcement tends to be the best choice for a well-behaved, happy dog.

Understanding Dog Trainer Certifications in the United States

Why use Certified R+ Trainers? Then Beware of Sales Tactics and Guarantees. What is Positive Reinforcement? What is a Balanced Trainer?)

In the world of dog training, certification provides a guarantee of professionalism, expertise, and ethical practice. When you hire a certified trainer, you're ensuring that your dog will be trained using humane, effective methods that produce long-lasting results. While anyone can claim to be a "dog trainer," choosing a certified professional dog trainer ensures you're working with someone who is not only knowledgeable but also committed to continuing their education and providing the best care for your dog.

​

By choosing a CPDT or another certified trainer, you're setting both yourself and your dog up for success, peace of mind, and a happier, healthier relationship.

​

Understanding Dog Training Certifications and Why Selecting a Certified Professional Dog Trainer is the Best Choice

People often ask me how to become a dog trainer or how to find a good dog trainer near them. The two questions are closely related. Today, I'd like to help clarify the different certifications available in the world of dog training, and why selecting a certified trainer is crucial for the success of your dog’s training.

​

Dog Training in the U.S. An Unregulated Industry...

The first thing to know is that dog training is currently an unregulated industry in the United States. This means that anyone can call themselves a dog trainer without needing any formal education, certification, or licensing. While there are no official licensing requirements in most states (though some are considering changes), there are credible certifications offered by well-respected organizations that help ensure a trainer's knowledge and ability to apply effective, humane training techniques.

​

With so many options, it's important to know what these certification agencies represent and what they do. Let's take a look at some of the key organizations that are recognized for certifying dog trainers and educating aspiring professionals.

​

Certification V.S. Certificate

A certificate program is an educational program that can be offered by any individual or organization, ranging from universities to more casual instructors. When you complete such a program—whether a weekend seminar or four years at college—you receive a certificate. However, a credentialing certification, as explained above, involves a formal examination and verification of the skills and knowledge that a professional has attained through education and experience. CCPDT stands out as the only independent, standardized certification for dog training professionals. They are not allied with any outside influences or commercial interests. Their sole purpose is to develop, deliver, and oversee the highest quality certification examinations for dog training professionals.

 

​Key Dog Training Certification Agencies

​

APDT (Association of Professional Dog Trainers)

APDT is an educational group for trainers, offering events like annual conferences and resources for trainers at all levels. While it’s beneficial for professional development, APDT membership does not guarantee that a trainer is certified or follows a specific methodology or has experience or education. It’s a helpful starting point for trainers to network and continue their education, but membership alone does not indicate high-quality training or adherence to science-based methods.

​

CCPDT (Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers)

CCPDT is an independent, accredited certification agency that offers certifications at different levels. To become certified, trainers must meet specific requirements, such as a minimum number of documented hours of professional experience and passing a comprehensive, independently proctored exam. Certified trainers must also commit to continuing education and adhere to a code of ethics. This is one of the most well-known and respected certifications in the field and provides a solid indication that a trainer has met rigorous standards. The CCPDT®’s organizational model follows the recommended practices of the Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE). ICE is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing educational, networking, and advocacy resources for the credentialing community. ICE’s accrediting body, the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), evaluates certification organizations for compliance with the NCCA standards for the Accreditation of Certification Programs.

​

IAABC (International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants)

IAABC is another highly respected organization that provides certification for dog trainers and behavior consultants. While their focus is specifically on behavior consultation rather than basic obedience training, their certification is one of the most rigorous and includes ethical guidelines similar to CCPDT. IAABC-certified consultants are often equipped to handle more complex behavioral issues in dogs.

​

KPA-CTP (Karen Pryor Academy – Certified Training Professional)

The Karen Pryor Academy is widely recognized for producing exceptionally skilled positive reinforcement trainers. The KPA-CTP certification involves completing a thorough curriculum under the mentorship of an experienced professional, and trainers must demonstrate their competence through practical and written exams. KPA-CTP trainers are known for their high standards and ethical training practices. I personally would highly recommend a KPA-CTP trainer based on their reputation for excellence.

​

PPG (Pet Professionals Guild)

The PPG is both an educational group and a certifying agency. They are particularly known for their strict ethics and commitment to force-free and positive reinforcement methods. Their certification program ensures trainers understand how to work with dogs using these humane techniques, and it includes thorough knowledge testing. PPG also places a strong emphasis on professional ethics, making it one of the most ethically rigorous organizations.

​

NADOI (National Association of Dog Obedience Instructors)

NADOI is a certifying body focused on practical, experience-based training. NADOI emphasizes hands-on skills with an extensive requirement of 1,000 hours of experience. Trainers must pass both written and practical exams. Known for its practical certification, NADOI focuses on the real-world application of obedience training skills.​

​

ABS (Animal Behavior Society)

ABS offers some of the highest standards in animal behavior certification, including the Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB) and Associate Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (ACAAB). These certifications are intended for those who have dedicated their careers to animal behavior, with the CAAB requiring a doctorate-level education. If you’re dealing with severe behavioral issues, a trainer or consultant with an ABS certification is highly qualified to help.

​

ABC (Animal Behavior College)

ABC is an educational program for aspiring trainers, but it lacks the same level of rigorous certification as some of the others listed. The quality of education a trainer receives through ABC depends largely on the quality of their mentor, individual student, and the curriculum has been criticized for being superficial. However, many trainers from ABC’s program can be highly skilled, depending on their individual mentors.

​

AKC (American Kennel Club)

The AKC offers a certificate for trainers who administer Canine Good Citizen (CGC) tests. However, this certification is not an indicator of the trainer’s ability to provide comprehensive dog training services, and it is primarily focused on basic obedience testing rather than more complex training or behavior issues.

This format retains the key information while keeping it simple and clear. Let me know if you’d like to tweak it further!

​

Why Choose a Certified Professional Dog Trainer?

Given the lack of regulation in the dog training industry, it’s crucial to select a certified trainer to ensure that your dog receives high-quality, effective, and humane training. Here’s why:

​

  1. Accountability. Certified trainers are held to specific ethical and educational standards. This ensures that they are committed to providing effective training methods while respecting the well-being of the dogs in their care.
     

  2. Scientific-based Methods. Trainers with certifications from organizations like CCPDT, KPA, and PPG are trained in positive reinforcement and other modern, science-backed training techniques. This leads to more effective results and better outcomes for your dog.
     

  3. Commitment to Continuing Education. Many certification organizations require trainers to maintain their certification through continuing education. This means that certified trainers stay up-to-date on the latest research, techniques, and best practices in the field.
     

  4. Professionalism. Certification provides a guarantee of professionalism, making it easier for you as a consumer to trust that the trainer you hire will be both skilled and ethical in their practice.
     

  5. Ethical Standards. Certification agencies like PPG, CCPDT, and IAABC all have strong ethics statements that prohibit trainers from using aversive, outdated, or harmful training methods. Certified trainers are committed to using methods that are proven to be effective and safe for the dog.
     

Conclusion: What to Look for in a Dog Trainer

When searching for a dog trainer, it’s important to ensure that the trainer you choose has the appropriate credentials and experience. Certified trainers have gone through a rigorous process to demonstrate their competence and commitment to ethical, effective training methods.

​

By choosing a Certified Professional Dog Trainer, you are ensuring that your dog will receive the best possible care and guidance, leading to better behavior, a stronger bond, and a more fulfilling life for both you and your dog.

​

If you're in search of a dog trainer, make sure to ask the following questions:

​

  1. What happens when a dog gets something right? (Look for positive reinforcement and motivation-based rewards.)

  2. What happens when a dog gets something wrong? (Good trainers will assess and adjust their approach, not punish the dog.)

  3. Do you use the least invasive, least aversive methods? (Certified trainers will prioritize humane, effective methods.)

​

The path to becoming a dog trainer varies, but with the right certifications and continued education, any aspiring trainer can provide high-quality, effective training for dogs. Whether you're a dog owner looking for the best trainer or an aspiring trainer looking for a path to follow, certification is an essential step toward ensuring success.

3.png
 
BEWARE OF SALES TACTICS
"Guaranteed results" "Results in X amount of time"

 

Real dog trainers CANNOT "Guarantee" behavior of a living, breathing animal or state an issue can be "fixed" in any certain amount of time. It is unethical to mislead potential clients into thinking otherwise to make a quick buck.

 

Our favorite example is Nicole Wilde's friend's rhinoplasty procedure. "Her parents eventually agreed to allow her to have a rhinoplasty—a “nose job.” After careful research and consultations with various plastic surgeons, they settled on one who guaranteed that if they didn’t like the results, he would modify it again, free of charge. Armed with this assurance, they moved forward. As it turned out, my friend did not like the results. In fact, she hated them. As promised, the second surgery was performed free of charge. Unfortunately, it yielded results no better than the first. My friend was not any closer to having the straight, narrow nose she’d envisioned, and although I would never have said so, it now looked downright odd. It took a third surgery, performed by another surgeon, to get it right."

 

What value does a guarantee of additional services hold if the provider lacks the proficiency to achieve success initially? Think a dog training company that pledges results, asserting they can solve your dog's issues in a single session. Even if unsuccessful, they commit to returning until the problem is resolved. Is this a worthwhile arrangement, particularly if the initial session comes with a hefty price tag? Doesn't the foundation of this "quick fix" approach suggest a lack of appreciation for the time needed to modify certain intense or deeply ingrained canine behaviors? 

​

Of course simple, basic obedience skills like teaching sit and down can be taught quickly. However, in the majority of instances, trainers who pledge immediate guaranteed resolutions for significant issues such as aggression often rely on aversive and punitive methods. While the quick fix may appear miraculous, there are repercussions associated with the use of punishment—it merely stifles behavior rather than tackling the root problem. Furthermore, attempting to replicate the trainer's actions may not yield identical results for the owner, and there have been instances of individuals being bitten in the process. And the transfer sessions with these trainers, if any are given, are not in the owner's home and usually these skills do not transfer to success in the owner's home rendering their attempt at training provided at their kennel useless. Additionally, is it truly desirable to treat your dog harshly and potentially jeopardize the trust between you and your furry companion? Certainly not.

​

Another example referencing a similar concept is teaching a child a foreign language. Can fluency really be guaranteed in the true meaning of the word? 


 Every dog is unique, with distinct temperaments, personalities, and responses to training. Positive reinforcement scientifically works for ALL mammals (they must not be doing things correctly, if these trainers think otherwise)A dog trainer cannot predict or control all variables that may influence a dog's behavior. Ethical trainers acknowledge and respect the individuality of each dog, understanding that outcomes may vary.


 A dog's behavior is often influenced by its environment, including the owner's home, lifestyle, and other external elements. Ethical dog trainers recognize that factors beyond their control may impact a dog's behavior, making it impossible to guarantee specific outcomes.


 Successful dog training often requires active participation and consistency from the dog owner. Ethical trainers understand that if the owner doesn't follow through with training techniques or fails to maintain a consistent approach, it can affect the dog's behavior. Guaranteeing results without considering owner commitment is not ethically responsible.


Dogs may encounter new and unpredictable situations that can affect their behavior. Trainers cannot foresee all potential scenarios that a dog may face, and therefore, they cannot guarantee how the dog will react in every circumstance.


 Health issues or genetic predispositions may influence a dog's behavior. Ethical trainers recognize that these factors are beyond their control, and guaranteeing behavioral outcomes would be unrealistic and potentially misleading.

 

​

In summary, ethical dog trainers emphasize the importance of a customized and flexible approach, understanding that living beings, including dogs, exhibit variability that cannot be entirely controlled or predicted.

bottom of page